day 1 week 6

Unit 4 BS: 


1. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to its energy. 


2. The word "spectrum" is a good descriptor of the types of energy found in electromagnetic radiation because it represents the particular types of electromagnetic radiation with each type representing a range of energy.


3. Visible light is useful in plant photosynthesis while other forms are not because visible light interacts with electrons in chlorophyll molecules, which provides the energy needed for photosynthesis. 


4. a. infrared, visible light, ultraviolet   
     b. infrared radiation is heat radiation, visible light is the only light that is visible to the human eye, ultraviolet radiation is necessary for human exposure because vitamin D is produced when the skin receives moderate doses included in sunlight


5. Ultraviolet light is effective for sterilizing protective goggles, while visible light is not, because UV-C radiation is the most energetic form and kills bacteria and destroys viruses. 


6. Infrared radiation from the sun cannot reach Earth's surface because it is absorbed by CO2 and gaseous H20 molecules in the atmosphere. Visible radiation, particularly the scattering of the sun's radiation by water, air, and dust is the cause of red sunsets and blue skies. If all the Ultraviolet radiation reaching the atmosphere actually reached the surface of the earth, the earth would be destroyed. But UV radiation exposure is necessary because of the vitamin D produced. 


7. Two main effects of the solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface are the warming of the atmosphere, oceans, and continents. Another effect is the production of the hydrologic cycle.


8. a. Lake water reflects light and absorbs heat when exposed to sunlight. Asphalt quickly warms up when exposed to sunlight. 
     b. Water in the form of vapor is a greenhouse gas and it absorbs infrared light, and asphalt reflects light directly. 


Unit 4 SBS: 


14. Atmospheric CO2 and water vapor help maintain moderate temperatures at Earth's surface by helping form carbohydrates through photosynthesis. 


15. a. natural process- photosynthesis
            human process- clearing forests
       b. natural process- methaneogenesis 
            human process- fossil fuel production 


16. a. increase- if sufficient CO2 were added, the atmosphere could retain enough additional infrared radiation from the sun to increase Earth's surface temperature. 
       b. decrease- reduce greenhouse emissions by developing energy efficient technologies and relying more heavily on renewable energy. 


17. A greenhouse with transparent glass walls is warmer than a structure with opaque wooden walls because the greenhouse effect causes the trapping and returning of infrared radiation. 


18. on paper 
CO2 gas, CaC03, CH4


19. CO2 gas, CaC03, and CH4 are chemical reservoirs of carbon atoms.


20. Over time, a particular carbon atom can be part of the atmosphere as a gas, the lithosphere as animal or plant waste, and the hydrosphere as limestone.